Colombia explores alternatives amid hydroelectric power challenges

Hydroelectric power has been the main source of electricity in Colombia, covering approximately 77% of national energy consumption. However, recent studies by the National University of Colombia (Unal) warn about the growing difficulties faced by the sector, mainly due to climate variability, decreasing water resources and environmental conflicts related to large dams.

One of the biggest challenges is to maintain a stable water supply in reservoirs, which directly impacts electricity production. In the country, power commercialization is based on firm power auctions, where companies agree to deliver a specific amount of kilowatts per day. However, recent droughts have made it difficult to meet these commitments, resulting in higher electricity tariffs, as evidenced at the end of 2024.

In addition, the high dependence on hydroelectric plants makes the energy system vulnerable to extreme weather events such as El Niño and La Niña, which can alter the availability of water resources. This uncertainty has generated doubts about the profitability and sustainability of new investments in this type of infrastructure, since water evaporation and periods of prolonged shortages may affect their viability.

To address this situation, Colombia is exploring new alternatives to diversify its energy matrix. In the energy auction scheduled for 2027 and 2028, the incorporation of 4,441 MW from solar plants is foreseen, which reflects a growing interest in renewable sources less dependent on water. However, specialists emphasize that, although the transition to new technologies is key, it is also essential to optimize the management of existing reservoirs to ensure a reliable energy supply in the future.

source: agronegocios.co

photo: enelgreenpower.com