Study outlines safer wastewater practices for small farms using biofertiliser systems

Safe water management remains a growing concern for fruit and vegetable producers, particularly in regions where treated wastewater is reused to fertilise crops. A study reported by the Brazilian science news agency Agência FAPESP suggests practical measures to reduce health risks linked to these systems in family farming.

Researchers assessed biodigester septic tank systems commonly used on small farms to recycle household wastewater into liquid fertiliser. While the technology supports nutrient reuse and reduces input costs, the study found that direct handling of the effluent during irrigation or maintenance can expose farmers and nearby residents to pathogens if safeguards are limited.

One of the main recommendations is to apply the treated liquid through underground piping rather than spreading it on the soil surface. This adjustment reduces contact with the material and lowers the risk of contamination for workers, children and animals operating in production areas.

The study also concluded that adding cattle manure to the system — a practice often promoted to improve fertiliser quality — does not enhance performance and may increase exposure to harmful microorganisms during handling.

Researchers noted that wastewater reuse systems can remain a valuable tool for small-scale agriculture, provided that design and handling practices are adapted to protect both farm workers and crop production environments.

source and photo: agencia.fapesp.br